Water purification
Moringa seed powder has antibacterial properties that make it useful as a natural clarifier for water purification systems and fish ponds (Aruna et al., 2012). It is considered as a potential natural and inexpensive alternative to toxic alum, but further investigation is required since moringa seed powder may have negative effects when combined with chlorine treatment. It was found to promote bacteria regrowth after the first removal of the bacteria (Egbuikwem et al., 2013; Preston et al., 2010).
Toxicity and pond management
Moringa seed powder can be toxic to animals and particularly to fish. This toxicity may be used in pond management to control predators of cultured fish. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of moringa seed powder in common carp was 124.0 mg/L after 96 h and the sublethal concentration was 12.4 mg/L. Common carp exposed for 35 days at the latter concentration had significant changes in all their blood parameters (Kavitha et al., 2012).