Double/multiple cropping systems
Double-cropping systems consisting of winter wheat followed by a summer legume, such as soybean, are extensively used in several regions of the USA. However, this practice causes soil water depletion and should be limited, in drought-prone areas, to the wettest years or to a short sequence of years (Northup et al., 2010; Rao et al., 2008). A more sustainable practice is a multicrop rotation system including wheat (fall through spring), soybeans (summer), winter fallow, and short-season spring forage or cover crops. It can help to conserve moisture and to improve soil condition (Northup et al., 2010; Rao et al., 2008). Cereal forages are useful for reducing weeds and diseases in perennial forage crop rotations. Wheat forage is suitable during alfalfa or permanent pasture renovation as it does not compromise legume development (Cash et al., 2007).