N-fixing legume
White clover is a potent N-fixing legume provided it finds (or is inoculated with) the suitable strain of rhizobium. It yielded 100-400 kg N/ha/year in New Zealand and 74-240 kg N/ha in the UK (FAO, 2011).
Cover crop and soil improver
White clover provides good protection against soil erosion as its stolons develop at ground level. White clover also enhances water infiltration in the soil (UC SAREP, 2006).
GHG (Green House Gas) emissions
White clover introduced in association with ryegrass in Irish grassland was reported to substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions from pasture as it can lower direct and indirect emissions of N2O (Humphreys, 2012). White clover was also reported to lower enteric methane emissions of dairy cows and thus reduced Carbon Footprint of milk by 1 to 23% at Solohead research farm (Ireland) (Humphreys, 2012).