Acceptable and safe solid-waste disposal is a serious problem in pineapple-processing operations (Hepton et al., 2003). Using the by-products as feed can help to alleviate the environmental impact of pineapple processing. In Malaysia, for instance, pineapple canneries used to dump the wastes into nearby rivers causing pollution. Today, the recycling of those wastes into animal feeds for cattle, whose manure is used as organic fertilizer for crop production, is an example of a crop-livestock integration that is able to sustain economic competitiveness without damaging the environment (Liang, 2001).
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